Architecture and Civil Engineering

The Significance and Role of the Khanqah-Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in the Evolution of Sufi Lodges’ Architecture in Central Asia during the Timurid Era

M.A. Abbasova-Yusupova — 2025-03-31

This article analyzes the architectural significance of the Khanqah-Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi within the context of the evolution of Sufi lodges in Central Asia during the Timurid era. The study examines the architectural features of this complex, its structural and functional characteristics, as well as its role in shaping the tradition of large-scale memorial structures. The author explores the interrelationship between Timur’s construction policies and the development of Sufi architecture, identifying the main stages and typology of such structures. Special attention is given to structural innovations that ensured the stability of the building in a seismically active region.

Optimizing the design of multi-apartment buildings to enhance comfort and convenience of living

S.S. Dedenyov — 2025-03-31

This article explores the significance of optimizing the design of multi-apartment buildings to improve the comfort and convenience of residents. Through a comprehensive analysis of various aspects, including landscape design, infrastructure, safety measures, energy efficiency, accessibility, communication systems, and waste management, the article highlights the critical role of thoughtful design in creating a pleasant living environment. Drawing on examples from global practices, such as the integration of smart home technologies and eco-friendly materials, the article provides practical recommendations for enhancing the quality of life in multi-apartment buildings. By incorporating modern design solutions and leveraging innovative technologies, such as smart home systems and sustainable building practices, developers and architects can create spaces that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and comfortable for residents. This article underscores the importance of optimizing design strategies to meet the evolving needs of urban dwellers and emphasizes the potential of well-designed multi-apartment buildings to foster a sense of community and well-being among residents.

National identity in the contemporary architecture of Western Kazakhstan

A. Tanzharykova — 2025-03-31

The article examines the influence of cultural and ethnic factors on the formation of modern architecture in the cities of Western Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to the architectural appearance of such cities as Atyrau, Uralsk, Aktau and Aktobe, which analyze how traditions that have developed at the junction of many cultures are reflected in architectural forms. The importance of preserving ethnic heritage, which contributes to the creation of an urban environment that harmoniously combines historical values and modern requirements, is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to issues related to urbanization and globalization, which often lead to the loss of local identity. Examples from practice show how the use of ethnic ornaments and characteristic forms can become the basis for the formation of architectural objects that emphasize the cultural uniqueness of the region. At the same time, the study emphasizes the need to consider historical and cultural features when creating new buildings and infrastructure. The article raises problems associated with the lack of attention to national heritage in modern projects, as well as the lack of a systematic approach to the popularization of ethnic architecture. Recommendations include the introduction of cultural and ethnic factors into architectural design, the development of educational initiatives for professionals, and the involvement of local residents in the process of creating an urban environment. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of considering cultural and ethnic characteristics when designing architectural objects, which allows for the creation of a harmonious and culturally valuable urban environment. The modern architecture of Western Kazakhstan reflects a unique combination of traditions and modern approaches, highlighting it as an important element within the framework of global architectural processes.

Exploring the Influence of Pile Cap Thickness on the Effectiveness of Pile Cap Foundations through Numerical Analysis

Ye. Bessimbayev — 2025-03-31

Subsurface engineering techniques have gained significant traction in advanced industrialized nations, where they are commonly employed. Piles, whether used individually or in groups connected to a reinforced pile cap on the surface, bear various types of loads such as axial, lateral, temporary, and sustained loads. When designing a pile foundation with a cap, it is crucial to consider the thickness of the cap. A thin cap, which distributes weight unevenly among the piles, functions more like a flexible slab, deviating from the traditional concept of pile foundations. In contrast, a thicker and stiffer cap spreads the load more evenly across the piles, reducing bending moments and the risk of shear failure, albeit potentially placing greater stress on the foundation. The primary objective of this article is to investigate how varying pile cap thickness affects the performance of pile foundations, particularly in terms of load distribution on the piles and deformation of the pile cap. The goal is to determine whether a specific cap thickness leads to a more uniform distribution of loads. In this study, a 3-D finite numerical model of nine pile-cap foundations was developed using the commercial software ABAQUS. These foundations featured cap thicknesses ranging from 0.5 meters to 3 meters. Data collected during the study includes pile loads, load transfer from piles to the cap, and lateral movement of the cap.

Stability of retaining wall on subsidence soils

Z. Zhambakina — 2025-03-31

The paper presents the results of survey and calculation of stability of retaining walls along motorways located at the slope of the slope. The results of numerical solution in modelling of slope and retaining wall interaction are analyzed, showing that the most dangerous are the zones of development of maximum horizontal deformations at retaining walls caused by shear deformations. The shear deformation propagation zone covers a large volume of slope soils. Subsidence soils, subsiding from their own weight on the slope under water saturation, deteriorate the initial value of cohesion, angle of internal friction, modulus of deformation, changing the stress-strain state. The trajectories of movement of subsidence soil particles during the change of stress-strain state of the slope on the retaining wall show that the movement of soil particles occurs at the boundary of subsidence and non-subsidence loams. Numerical calculations using PLAXIS programme showed that in water-saturated state, the slope is landslide-prone. The retaining wall on the slope of the slope, composed of subsidence soils, is not stable and soil sliding occurs only in the layers of subsidence soils of the slope.

Enhancing the quality of road slabs with silicon fibers

M. Andasbekuly — 2025-03-31

The physico-mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with macro- and micro polypropylene fibers for road slabs were studied. The effect of low-modulus synthetic fibers on strength, density, water resistance, and frost resistance were determined. Macro fibers increase compressive and flexural strength, while microfibers improve structure, reduce porosity, and enhance frost resistance. Combined reinforcement with micro-silica increases flexural strength by up to 35%, frost resistance up to F375, and water impermeability up to W14. The use of multidimensional fibers and micro-silica is recommended to improve concrete properties.