Design of Residential Spaces with Consideration for People with Special Needs

Abstract

This article analyzes the key principles of organizing the residential physical environment for individuals who use wheelchairs. Contemporary architecture is increasingly oriented toward creating comfortable and inclusive spaces; however, for millions of wheelchair users, the lack of adequate comfort and safety within residential settings remains a pressing issue. People with special needs are still often perceived and treated as individuals with «limited abilities» due to environmental barriers. Designing buildings that can be used by individuals of all ages and health conditions should become one of the primary directions in architectural practice. The urgency of creating an inclusive environment stems from the growing recognition of the need to humanize the built environment for those facing temporary or permanent physical limitations. Adapting residential spaces to meet the needs of such individuals requires particular attention, as it directly impacts their quality of life. Many residential buildings, including those in Kazakhstan, fail to meet contemporary accessibility standards. This is evident in features such as narrow doorways and thresholds, the absence of ramps and specialized handrails, and other architectural shortcomings that restrict mobility and hinder the social integration of people with disabilities. Despite legislative efforts to address these challenges, the situation remains problematic in both older and newly constructed buildings. This study explores the principal challenges and proposes potential solutions aimed at creating an accessible and inclusive environment for individuals with musculoskeletal impairments.