Exploring the Influence of Pile Cap Thickness on the Effectiveness of Pile Cap Foundations through Numerical Analysis

Abstract

Subsurface engineering techniques have gained significant traction in advanced industrialized nations, where they are commonly employed. Piles, whether used individually or in groups connected to a reinforced pile cap on the surface, bear various types of loads such as axial, lateral, temporary, and sustained loads. When designing a pile foundation with a cap, it is crucial to consider the thickness of the cap. A thin cap, which distributes weight unevenly among the piles, functions more like a flexible slab, deviating from the traditional concept of pile foundations. In contrast, a thicker and stiffer cap spreads the load more evenly across the piles, reducing bending moments and the risk of shear failure, albeit potentially placing greater stress on the foundation. The primary objective of this article is to investigate how varying pile cap thickness affects the performance of pile foundations, particularly in terms of load distribution on the piles and deformation of the pile cap. The goal is to determine whether a specific cap thickness leads to a more uniform distribution of loads. In this study, a 3-D finite numerical model of nine pile-cap foundations was developed using the commercial software ABAQUS. These foundations featured cap thicknesses ranging from 0.5 meters to 3 meters. Data collected during the study includes pile loads, load transfer from piles to the cap, and lateral movement of the cap.